How to register a Private Limited Company in India (2026 step-by-step guide)
From DSC and name approval to the SPICe+ filing and CIN — here is exactly what happens, what documents you need, and how long each step takes.
By Legal Munshi Expert Desk
A Private Limited Company remains India's most popular structure for startups because it offers limited liability, easy fund-raising and a separate legal identity.
Step 1 — Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
The process begins with a Class-3 Digital Signature Certificate for at least one director. The DSC is used to sign every subsequent filing, so apply for it first. Identity and address proof are verified, usually by video, and the token is couriered within a few days.
Step 2 — Reserve the company name (SPICe+ Part A)
Next, you reserve a name through SPICe+ Part A. You can propose two names in order of preference, and the Registrar usually responds within about 48 hours.
- Avoid names that are identical or too similar to an existing company or trademark.
- Keep the name aligned with the objects you will actually pursue.
- Check the trademark register before you commit to a brand name.
Step 3 — File SPICe+ Part B
Part B captures the registered office, the subscribers and the directors. You will need:
| Document | Applies to |
|---|---|
| PAN and Aadhaar | Every director and subscriber |
| Address proof (utility bill + NOC or rent agreement) | Registered office |
| MOA and AOA | Drafted and signed digitally |
| INC-9 declaration | Every subscriber and director |
| AGILE-PRO | GST, EPFO, ESIC and bank account (optional but recommended) |
Step 4 — Certificate of Incorporation
Once approved, the Registrar issues the Certificate of Incorporation with the CIN. This is the legal birth certificate of the company and is required for every subsequent registration.
Step 5 — PAN, TAN and the bank account
PAN and TAN are applied for together with incorporation, so they usually arrive shortly after the certificate. Open the company current account with the certificate, PAN, MOA/AOA and the board resolution.
How long does it take?
| Stage | Typical time |
|---|---|
| DSC issuance | 1–2 working days |
| Name approval | ~2 working days |
| SPICe+ Part B filing to CIN | 5–10 working days |
| PAN and TAN | Along with, or shortly after, the CIN |
Authority-controlled stages are never guaranteed. Complete documents and prompt e-signatures are what keep the file moving.
Common mistakes
- Mismatched names across PAN, Aadhaar and the proposed directors' details.
- An address proof that is older than the department accepts.
- Choosing objects that are too narrow for what the business will actually do.
- Ignoring the first query instead of replying with evidence within the deadline.